503 - Student Discipline

503 - Student Discipline dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:18

503.1 - Student Conduct

503.1 - Student Conduct

The board believes inappropriate student conduct causes material and substantial disruption to the school environment, interferes with the rights of others, or presents a threat to the health and safety of students, employees, and visitors on school premises. Appropriate classroom behavior allows teachers to communicate more effectively with students.

Students will conduct themselves in a manner fitting to their age level and maturity and with respect and consideration for the rights of others while on school district property or on property within the jurisdiction of the school district; while on school owned and/or operated school or chartered vehicles; while attending or engaged in school activities; and while away from school grounds if misconduct will directly affect the good order, efficient management and welfare of the school district. Consequences for the misconduct will be fair and developmentally appropriate in light of the circumstances.

Students who fail to abide by this policy, and the administrative regulations supporting it, may be disciplined for conduct which disrupts or interferes with the education program; conduct which disrupts the orderly and efficient operation of the school district or school activity; conduct which disrupts the rights of other students to participate in or obtain their education; conduct that is violent or destructive; or conduct which interrupts the maintenance of a disciplined atmosphere. Disciplinary measures include, but are not limited to, removal from the classroom, detention, suspension, probation, and expulsion. The superintendent/designee may assign additional lawful consequences, including but not limited to removal from activities, when such action is necessary to maintain order and/or protect the safety of students, staff, and/or other members of the school community. 

Removal from the classroom means a student is sent to the building principal's office. It is within the discretion of the person in charge of the classroom to remove the student. 

Detention means the student's presence is required for disciplinary purposes. The student can be required to appear prior to the beginning of the school day, during the school day, after school has been dismissed for the day, or on a non-school day. Whether a student will serve detention, and the length of the detention, is within the discretion of the licensed employee or the building principal, disciplining the student.

In-school suspension means the student will attend school but will be temporarily isolated from one or more classes while under supervision. An in-school suspension will not exceed ten consecutive school days. 

Out-of-school suspension means the student is removed from the school environment, which includes school classes and activities. An out-of-school suspension will not exceed ten consecutive school days unless due process is provided as required by federal and state law. 

A restriction from school activities means a student will attend school and classes and practice but will not participate in school activities.

Probation means a student is given a conditional suspension of a penalty for a definite period of time in addition to being reprimanded. The conditional suspension will mean the student must meet the conditions and terms for the suspension of the penalty. Failure of the student to meet these conditions and terms will result in immediate reinstatement of the penalty.

Expulsion means an action by the board to remove a student from the school environment, which includes, but is not limited to, classes and activities, for a period of time set by the board.

Discipline of special education students, including suspensions and expulsions, will comply with the provisions of applicable federal and state laws.

The policy is not intended to address the use of therapeutic classrooms or seclusion rooms for students.

It is the responsibility of the superintendent, in conjunction with the principal, to develop administrative regulations regarding this policy.
 

 

 

Legal Reference:
Goss v. Lopez, 419 U.S. 565 (1975).
Brands v. Sheldon Community School District, 671 F. Supp. 627 (N.D. Iowa 1987).
Sims v. Colfax Comm. School Dist., 307 F. Supp. 485 (Iowa 1970).
Bunger v. Iowa High School Athletic Assn., 197 N.W.2d 555 (Iowa 1972).
Board of Directors of Ind. School Dist. of Waterloo v. Green, 259 Iowa 1260, 147 N.W.2d 854 (1967).
Iowa Code §§ 279.8; 282.3, 282.4, 282.5; 708.1.
281 I.A.C. 12.3(6)

Cross Reference:
501 Student Attendance
502 Student Rights and Responsibilities
504 Student Activities
506.3 Physical Restraint and Seclusion of Students
603.3 Special Education
903.5 Distribution of Materials

Approved 11-15-21  
Reviewed 12-18-23
Revised  12-18-23

 

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:25

503.1R1 - Student Suspension

503.1R1 - Student Suspension

Administrative Action

A. Probation

1. Probation is conditional suspension of a penalty for a set period of time. Probation may be imposed by the principal for infractions of school rules which do not warrant the necessity of removal from school.

2. The principal will conduct an investigation of the allegations against the student prior to imposition of probation. The investigation will include, but not be limited to, written or oral notice to the student of the allegations against the student and an opportunity to respond. Written notice and reasons for the probation will be sent to the parents.

B. In-School Suspension

1.  In-school suspensions may be imposed by the principal for infractions of school rules which are serious, but which do not warrant the necessity of removal from school.

2. The principal will conduct an investigation of the allegations against the student prior to imposition of an in-school suspension. The investigation will include, but not be limited to, written or oral notice to the student of the allegations against the student and an opportunity to respond. In-school suspension will not be imposed for more than ten school days. Written notice and reasons for the in-school suspension will be sent to the student's parents.

C. Out-of-School Suspension

1. Out-of-school suspension is to be used when other available school resources are unable to constructively remedy student misconduct.

2. A student may be suspended out of school for up to ten school days by a principal for a commission of gross or repeated infractions of school rules, regulations, policy or the law, or when the presence of the student will cause interference with the maintenance of the educational environment or the operation of the school. The principal may suspend students after conducting an investigation of the charges against the student, giving the student:

a. Oral or written notice of the allegations against the student and

b. The opportunity to respond to those charges.

At the principal's discretion, the student may be allowed to confront witnesses against the student or present witnesses on behalf of the student.

3. Notice of the out-of-school suspension will be mailed no later than the end of the school day following the suspension to the student's parents and the superintendent. A reasonable effort is made to personally notify the student's parents and such effort is documented by the person making or attempting to make the contact. Written notice to the parents will include the circumstances which led to the suspension and a copy of the board policy and rules pertaining to the suspension.

D. Suspensions and Special Education Students

1. Students who have been identified as special education students may be referred for a review of the student's Individual Education Program (IEP). The IEP may be revised to include a continuum of intervention strategies and programming to change the behavior.

2. Students who have not been identified as special education students may be referred for evaluation after the student's suspension to determine whether the student has a disability and is in need of special education.

 

 

Approved: 11-15-21  
Reviewed: 12-18-23
Revised: 12-18-23

 

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:27

503.2 - Expulsion

503.2 - Expulsion

Only the board may remove a student from the school environment for more than ten (10) consecutive school days. 

Students may be expelled for violations of board policy, school rules or the law. It is within the discretion of the board to discipline a student by using an expulsion for a single offense or for a series of offenses depending on the nature of the offense and the circumstances surrounding the offense.

It is within the discretion of the superintendent to recommend to the board the expulsion of a student for disciplinary purposes. Only the board may take action to expel a student and to readmit the student. The principal will keep records of expulsions in addition to the board's records.

When a student is recommended for expulsion by the board, the student is provided with:

1. Notice of the reasons for the proposed expulsion;

2. The names of the witnesses and an oral or written report on the facts to which each witness testifies unless the witnesses are students whose names may be released at the discretion of the superintendent;

3. An opportunity to present a defense against the charges and provide either oral testimony or written affidavits of witnesses on the student's behalf;

4. The right to be represented by counsel; and,

5. The results and finding of the board in writing open to the student's inspection.

In addition to these procedures, a special education student must be provided with additional procedures. A determination should be made of whether the student is actually guilty of the misconduct. A staffing team should determine whether the student's behavior is caused by the student's disability and whether the conduct is the result of inappropriate placement. Discussions and conclusions of this meeting should be recorded.

If the special education student's conduct is not caused by the disability, the student may be expelled or suspended for a longterm period following written notice to the parent and pursuant to the school district's expulsion hearing procedures. If the misconduct is caused by the disability and a change in placement is recommended, the change must be made pursuant to the placement procedures used by the school district.

 

 

Legal Reference:
Goss v. Lopez, 419 U.S. 565 (1975).
Wood v. Strickland, 420 U.S. 308 (1975).
Southeast Warren Comm. School District v. Dept. of Public Instruction, 285 N.W.2d 173 (Iowa 1979).
Iowa Code §§ 21.5; 282.3, .4, .5.
281 I.A.C. 12.3(6).

Cross Reference:
502 Student Rights and Responsibilities
503 Student Discipline

Approved: 11-15-21
Reviewed: 12-18-23
Revised: 12-18-23

 

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:24

503.3 - Fines - Fees - Charges

503.3 - Fines - Fees - Charges

The board believes students should respect school district property and assist in its preservation for future use by others. Students may be assessed fines, charges, or fees for the materials needed in a course, for overdue school materials, for participating in activities, or for misuse of school property.

The superintendent will inform the board of the dollar amount to be charged to students or others for fines, charges, or fees annually. Parents of students meeting specific financial eligibility standards will be eligible for a waiver of student fees or a reduction of student fees based upon the request of the parent. It is the responsibility of the superintendent, in conjunction with the principal, to develop administrative regulations regarding this policy.

 

 

Legal Reference:
Iowa Code §§ 256.7(20); 279.8; 280.10, .11; 282.6; 285.1; 301.1.
281 I.A.C. 18.2.

Cross Reference:
501.16 Homeless Children & Youth
 

Approved: 11-15-21
Reviewed: 3-19-24
Revised: _____

 

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:35

503.3R1 - Student Fee Waiver and Reduction Procedures

503.3R1 - Student Fee Waiver and Reduction Procedures

The board recognizes that while certain fees charged students are appropriate and authorized, certain students and their families are not financially able to pay the fees. The school district will grant either full waivers, partial waivers or temporary waivers depending upon the circumstances and the student or student's parents' ability to meet the financial criteria.

A. Waivers

1. Full Waivers - a student will be granted a full waiver of fees charged by the school district if the student or student's parents meet the financial eligibility criteria for free meals under the Child Nutrition program, Family Investment Program, or transportation assistance under open enrollment. Students in foster care are also eligible for full waivers.

2. Partial Waivers - a student will be granted a partial waiver of fees charged by the school district if the student or the student's parents meet the financial eligibility criteria for reduced price meals offered under the Child Nutrition program. The reduction percentage will be 50 percent.

3. Temporary Waivers - a student may be eligible for a temporary waiver of fees charged by the district in the event the student's parents are facing financial difficulty. Temporary waivers may be applied for at any time throughout the school year and will not extend beyond the end of the school year.

B. Application - Parents or students eligible for a fee waiver will make an application on the form provided by the school district. Applications may be made at any time but must be renewed annually.

C. Confidentiality - The school district will treat the application and application process as any other student record and student confidentiality and access provisions will be followed.

D. Appeals - Denials of a waiver may be appealed to the Superintendent or designee.

E. Fines or charges assessed for damage or loss to school property are not fees and will not be waived.

F. Notice - the school district will annually notify parents and students of the waiver. The following information will be included in registration materials.

Students whose families meet the income guidelines for free and reduced price lunch, the Family Investment Program (FIP), or transportation assistance under open enrollment, or who are in foster care are eligible to have their student fees waived or partially waived. Students whose families are experiencing a temporary financial difficulty may be eligible for a temporary waiver of student fees. Parents or students who believe they may qualify for temporary financial hardship should contact the relevant principal for a waiver form. This waiver does not carry over from year to year and must be completed annually.

 

 

Approved: 11-15-21
Reviewed: 3-19-24
Revised: 3-19-24

 

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:35

503.4 - Good Conduct Rule

503.4 - Good Conduct Rule

Participation in school activities is a privilege. School activities provide the benefits of promoting additional interests and abilities in the students during their school years and for their lifetimes.

Students who participate in extracurricular activities serve as ambassadors of the school district throughout the calendar year, whether away from school or at school. Students who wish to have the privilege of participating in extracurricular activities must conduct themselves in accordance with board policy and must refrain from activities which are illegal, immoral or unhealthy.

Students who fail to abide by this policy and the administrative regulations supporting it may be subject to disciplinary measures. The principal will keep records of violations of the good conduct rule.

It is the responsibility of the superintendent to develop rules and regulations for school activities. Students wanting to participate in school activities must meet the requirements set out by the school district for participation in the activity.

 

 

Legal Reference:
Bunger v. Iowa High School Athletic Assn., 197 N.W.2d 555 (Iowa 1972).
In re Jason Clark, 1 D.P.I. App. Dec. 167 (1978).
Iowa Code §§ 280.13, .13A.
281 I.A.C. 12.3(6); 36.15(1).

Cross Reference:
502 Student Rights and Responsibilities
503 Student Discipline
504 Student Activities

Approved:11-15-21
Reviewed: _____
Revised: _____

 

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:23

503.4R1 - Good Conduct Regulation

503.4R1 - Good Conduct Regulation

All students are expected to abide by the rules of orderly conduct, academic achievement and citizenship. Those students who participate in extracurricular activities are held to a higher standard of behavior as representatives of our school/community.  Students who admit to or are found guilty of any act that is in direct violation of the Code of Iowa to include use of tobacco products, drinking and/or possession of alcoholic or controlled substances or serious incidents of unbecoming conduct both in and out of school such as to make him/her unworthy to represent the ideals and standards of his/her school and/or display acts of poor citizenship will be in violation of the district Good Conduct Policy and Regulation.

Consequences

  • 1st Offense: Fifteen hours of school service served under the direction of the principal or designee.  Students involved in the extracurricular activities will be ineligible to participate in 10% of the contests per activity.  School service hours will be completed in 30 school days. Honesty Provision - If a student voluntarily admits to a violation, the school service penalty will be reduced by half for a first-time offender.  The honesty provision will apply only if the individual admits he/she was in violation of the code when first brought in for questioning by the administrator or at the first meeting between the parents, student and administrator.
  • 2nd Offense: Forty-five hours of school service served under the direction of the principal or designee.  Students involved in extracurricular activities will be ineligible to participate in 50% of the contests in activity.  If less than 50% of the contests or if the violation occurs during a time the student is not involved in an activity, the suspension will carry over to the next activity the individual participates in.  School service hours will be completed within 60 school days.
  • 3rd Offense: The student is permanently ineligible to participate at Central Springs High School.                                                                                                                                                

The District retains full discretion depending on the nature and severity of the conduct to deviate from the progressive penalties outlined above.  The District reserves the right to use its discretion in determining the severity or seriousness of any offense and also reserves the right to use discretion in determining the consequences to be imposed for any violation, based on the facts and circumstances of each situation. By way of example, a first time incident of felonious conduct may result in penalties greater than those outlined for a first offense. Additionally, nothing in this policy precludes the District from applying its Policy 501.3--Student Conduct Policy, as applicable, to conduct off school grounds which materially and substantially disrupts the orderly operations of the school and the maintenance of a safe educational environment.

Due Process Procedures

Notification

A student who has allegedly violated the Good Conduct Rule will be notified of the alleged violation, the information that supports the allegations and will be given the opportunity to respond. Upon a review of all of the evidence and circumstances, an administrator will make a decision regarding the alleged violation of the Good Conduct Rule and determine the period of ineligibility.

Whenever a student is declared ineligible under the Good Conduct Rule, the following procedures shall apply:

  • A conference will be held with an administrator and the student. At that time, the length of the period of ineligibility and a specific explanation of the reasons for the ineligibility will be discussed. The offense and the consequences will thereafter be put in writing and sent to the student and parents/guardians.
  • If the student or parents/guardians do not wish to appeal the decision, the decision will be in effect and will be considered final.

Appeal Process

If an administrator(s) determine that a student has violated the Good Conduct Code and is, therefore, ineligible to participate in co-curricular or extracurricular activities for a certain period of time, the student shall have the right to appeal such determination to the Board of Directors in accordance with the following provisions:

  • During the appeal procedure, the student will be ineligible to participate in any extracurricular activities.
  • Within seven (7) days after the date on which the administrator(s) deliver to the student the notice of violation of the Good Conduct Code, and not later, the student or the student’s parent or other representative shall deliver to the President of the Board of Directors a written notice of appeal stating the students’ objections to the administrator determination and requesting an oral hearing thereon before the Board of Directors.
  • The President shall schedule a meeting of the Board of Directors for a time within twenty (20 days) after receipt of the written notice of appeal and shall in not less than five (5) days give written notice of such meeting to the student.
  • The Board of Directors at such meeting shall first hear evidence and statements presented by the administrator(s) and then by the student or student’s parent or other representative. Such hearing shall be conducted as an informal administrator process and shall not be governed by any formal rules of evidence or procedure. The Board of Directors shall not be required to afford the student an opportunity to confront or cross-examine witnesses by compulsory process to give testimony at such hearing.
  • The Board of Directors shall consider all evidence and state presented at such hearing and shall make written findings of its decision within five (5) days of such hearing. A copy of the decision shall be mailed forthwith to the student. The decision of the Board of Directors shall contain findings as to whether the administrator(s) determination was correct or shall be reversed.

Policy Interpretation

For the purpose of interpreting this policy, the student should know the following:

  • This policy is in effect year-round.  A student becomes covered once he/she first participates in an extra-curricular activity.
  • Generally, violations of the policy in Middle School are not carried over to the High School; however, the district retains full discretion to carry over violations dependent on the timing and the severity or seriousness of the offense.
  • During the ineligibility period, the student will continue to practice with the team or group.
  • Counseling may be suggested or required in addition to the above consequences.
  • If administration receives word that a student is in possible violation from a responsible adult, or is implicated as a result of an administration investigation, the student will be sent for and advised of the allegation.  He/she will be asked to return the following day with a parent or he/she may waive their right to have a parent present.
  • No suspension sanctions will be applied to co-curricular activities that are graded. 
  • If the suspension occurs at a point in the season where the number of competitions remaining is less than the number of competitions in the suspension, the suspension will carry over into the next activity the student participates in. Post-season activities will be counted towards satisfying the terms of the suspension.
  • If an individual participates at more than one level of competition the penalty applies to the highest level he/she participates in and any lower level activities in the interim.
  • Students must start and finish the sporting season used to complete or serve their ineligibility. The beginning and ending dates of the season in question are set by the head coach of that sport or activity.
  • Students not involved in extracurricular or co-curricular activities will be assigned school and/or community service as deemed appropriate by the administration.
  • Ineligible / Ineligibility: Ineligibility as a result of failed citizenship or academic ineligibility must be served prior to a student serving their ineligibility assigned for their first or second violations of the district’s Good Conduct Policy. Ineligibilities for failed citizenship, academics, and Good Conduct violations must be served consecutively and not concurrently.
  • Contests that are counted toward the ineligibility period are sanctioned games/events. Scrimmages, jamborees, and practices do not count toward meeting the fulfillment of the student’s ineligibility.
  • The offenses are cumulative for grades 9 through 12.  However, if a student is at the 3rd offense level, he/she may request administrator consideration and approval of a probationary agreement, which if enacted, would facilitate his/her regaining eligibility to the 2nd offense level.  Should another violation take the student to the 3rd offense level a second time, he/she would not have the option for a probationary agreement.

 

Cross Reference:
502 Student Rights and Responsibilities
503 Student Discipline
504 Student Activities

Approved:11-15-21
Reviewed: 12-18-23
Revised: 12-18-23

 

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:28

503.5 - Corporal Punishment, Mechanical Restraint and Prone Restraint

503.5 - Corporal Punishment, Mechanical Restraint and Prone Restraint

The use of corporal punishment, mechanical restraint and/or prone restraint is prohibited in all schools. Corporal punishment is defined as the intentional physical punishment of a student. It includes the use of unreasonable or unnecessary physical force or physical contact made with the intent to harm or cause pain. No employee is prohibited from any of the following which are not considered corporal punishment:

  • Using reasonable and necessary force, not designed or intended to cause pain, in order to accomplish any of the following:

-- To quell a disturbance or prevent an act that threatens physical harm to any person.

-- To obtain possession of a weapon or other dangerous object(s) within a student's control.

-- For the purposes of self-defense or defense of others as provided for in Iowa Code section 704.3.

-- For the protection of property as provided for in IOWA CODE section 704.4 or 704.5.

-- To remove a disruptive student from class or any area of school premises or from school-sponsored activities off school premises.

-- To protect a student from the self-infliction of harm.

-- To protect the safety of others.

  • Using incidental, minor, or reasonable physical contact to maintain order and control.

Mechanical restraint means the use of a device as a means of restricting a student’s freedom of movement. Mechanical restraint does not mean a device used by a trained individual for specific approved therapeutic or safety purposes for which the device was designed and, if applicable, prescribed, including restraints for medical immobilization, adaptive devices or mechanical supports used to allow greater freedom of mobility than would be possible without use of such devices or mechanical supports; and vehicle safety restraints when used as intended during the transport of a student in a moving vehicle.

Prone restraint means any restraint in which the student is held face down on the floor.

Reasonable force should be commensurate with the circumstances of the situation. The following factors should be considered in using reasonable physical force for the reasons stated in this policy:

1. The size and physical, mental, and psychological condition of the student;

2. The nature of the student's behavior or misconduct provoking the use of physical force;

3. The instrumentality used in applying the physical force;

4. The extent and nature of resulting injury to the student, if any, including mental and psychological injury;

5. The motivation of the school employee using physical force.

Upon request, the student's parents are given an explanation of the reasons for physical force.

It is the responsibility of the superintendent to develop administrative regulations regarding this policy.

 

 

Legal Reference:
Ingraham v. Wright, 430 U.S. 651 (1977).
Goss v. Lopez, 419 U.S. 565 (1975).
Tinkham v. Kole, 252 Iowa 1303, 110 N.W.2d 258 (1961).
Iowa Code §§ 279.8; 280.21.
281 I.A.C. 12.3(6); 103.

Cross Reference:
402.3 Abuse of Students by School District Employees
503.6 Physical Restraint and Seclusion of Students Series

Approved 11-15-21 
Reviewed 4-15-24
Revised 4-15-24

 

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:34

503.6 - Physical Restraint and Seclusion of Students

503.6 - Physical Restraint and Seclusion of Students

It is the goal of the district that all students can learn and grow in a safe and peaceful environment that nurtures the student and models respect for oneself and others. On occasion, trained district employees and others may have to use behavior management interventions, physical restraint and/or seclusion of students. The goal of these interventions is to promote the dignity, care, safety, welfare and security of each child and the school community. With this objective in mind, the district will prioritize the use of the least restrictive behavioral interventions appropriate for the situation.

Physical restraint means a personal restriction that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a student to move the student’s arms, legs, body, or head freely. Physical restraint does not mean a technique used by trained school personnel, or used by a student, for the specific and approved therapeutic or safety purposes for which the technique was designed and, if applicable, prescribed. Physical restraint does not include instructional strategies, such as physically guiding a student during an educational task, hand-shaking, hugging, or other non-disciplinary physical contact.

Seclusion means the involuntary confinement of a child in a seclusion room or area from which the child is prevented or prohibited from leaving; however, preventing a child from leaving a classroom or school building are not considered seclusion. Seclusion does not include instances when a school employee is present within the room and providing services to the child, such as crisis intervention or instruction.

Physical restraint or seclusion is reasonable or necessary only:

  • To prevent or terminate an imminent threat of bodily injury to the student or others; or
  • To prevent serious damage to property of significant monetary value or significant nonmonetary value or importance; or
  • When the student’s actions seriously disrupt the learning environment or when physical restraint or seclusion is necessary to ensure the safety of the student or others; and
  • When less restrictive alternatives to seclusion or physical restraint would not be effective, would not be feasible under the circumstances, or have failed in preventing or terminating the imminent threat or behavior; and
  • When the physical restraint or seclusion complies with all applicable laws.

Prior to using physical restraint or seclusion, employees must receive training in accordance with the law. Any individual who is not employed by the district but whose duties could require the individual to use or be present during the use of physical restraint or seclusion on a student will be invited to participate in the same training offered to employees on this topic.

When required by law, the superintendent or the superintendent’s designee will ensure a post-occurrence debriefing meeting is held, maintain documentation and fulfill all reporting requirements for each occurrence of physical restraint or seclusion as required by law.

Legal Reference:    
Iowa Code §§ 279.8; 280.21.
281 I.A.C. 103.

Cross Reference:
402.3 Abuse of Students by School District Employees
503.5 Corporal Punishment

Approved 11-15-21   
Reviewed 4-15-24
Revised 4-15-24

 

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:29

503.6E2 - Debriefing Letter to Guardian of Student Involved in an Occurrence Where Physical Restraint and/or Seclusion was Used

503.6E2 - Debriefing Letter to Guardian of Student Involved in an Occurrence Where Physical Restraint and/or Seclusion was Used

[This letter and the enclosed report may be transmitted electronically via email or fax, picked up in person, or mailed. If the
district and the guardian do not agree on how to transmit this letter, it must be mailed via postage prepaid, first class mail to
the guardian within 3 school days of the occurrence.]

Dear [Guardian],

Recently, your student [name] was involved in an occurrence at school that required the physical restraint and/or seclusion of
your student as defined by 281 Iowa Administrative Code Ch. 103. A report related to this occurrence is enclosed with this
letter.

The law requires debriefing meetings be held for such occurrences in the following circumstances:

  • following the first instance of seclusion or physical restraint during a school year;
  • When any personal injury occurs as a part of the use of seclusion or physical restraint;
  • When a reasonable educator would determine a debriefing session is necessary;
  • When suggested by a student’s IEP team;
  • When agreed to by the guardian and school officials; and
  • After seven instances of seclusion or physical restraint of the student.

This letter is intended to inform you that a debriefing meeting will be held on [date within 5 days of transmission of letter, time,
place] because of [reason from bulleted list above]. The following employees will be in attendance at this meeting: [list names
and titles of employees]. We are inviting you to attend this debriefing meeting to engage with us on topics related to this
occurrence.

If you would like to reschedule the debriefing meeting, please contact me as soon as possible via email [email address] or
telephone [telephone number], and at least one school day prior to the date and time listed for this debriefing meeting. Your
student is allowed to attend this meeting with your consent, and you are welcome to bring a representative of your choosing if
you wish. If you plan to bring a representative to this meeting, please let us know at least one school day prior to the meeting so
that we have an opportunity to make arrangements.

We look forward to working with you to foster the continued health, safety and educational growth of your student.

___________________________________ ___________________________
[Administrator name], title                                              Date

 

Enclosure: Report related to student occurrence

 

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:31

503.6R1 - Use of Physical Restraint and Seclusion with Students

503.6R1 - Use of Physical Restraint and Seclusion with Students

The District will comply with 281 Iowa Administrative Code Ch. 103 for the use of physical restraint and seclusion with students, including, but not limited to:

  • Physical restraint and seclusion will be used only by employees who have been trained in accordance with applicable law unless a trained employee is not immediately available due to the unforeseeable nature of the occurrence.
  • As soon as practical after the situation is under control, but within one hour after either the occurrence or the end of the school day, whichever occurs first, the school will attempt to contact the student’s parent or guardian using the school’s emergency contact system.
  • The seclusion or physical restraint is used only for as long as necessary based on research and evidence to allow the student to regain control of their behavior to the point that the threat or behavior necessitating the use of the seclusion or physical restraint has ended, or when a medical condition occurs that puts the student at risk of harm. Unless otherwise provided for in the student’s written approved IEP, BIP, IHP or safety plan, if the seclusion or physical restraint continues for more than 15 minutes:
  • The student will be provided with any necessary breaks to attend to personal and bodily needs, unless doing so would endanger the child or others.
  • An employee will obtain approval from an administrator or administrator’s designee to continue seclusion or physical restraint beyond 15 minutes. After the initial approval, an employee must obtain additional approval every 30 minutes thereafter for the continuation of the seclusion or physical restraint.
  • The student’s parent or guardian and the school may agree to more frequent notifications than is required by law.
  • Schools and district employees must document and explain in writing the reasons why it was not possible for the employees to obtain approval, notify parents, or take action within prescribed time limits.
  • Schools and district employees who begin and then end use of nonapproved restraints will document and explain in writing the reasons why they had no other option but to use this type of behavioral intervention.
  • The area of seclusion will be a designated seclusion room that complies with the seclusion room requirements in accordance with law, unless the nature of the occurrence makes the use of the designated seclusion room impossible, clearly impractical, or clearly contrary to the safety of the student, others, or both; in that event, the school must document and explain in writing the reasons why a designated seclusion room was not used.
  • An employee must continually visually monitor the student for the duration of the seclusion or physical restraint.
  • If an employee restrains a student who uses sign language or an augmentive mode of communication as the student’s primary mode of communication, the student shall be permitted to have the student’s hands free of physical restraint, unless doing so is not feasible in view of the threat posed.
  • Seclusion or physical restraint shall not be used: as punishment or discipline; to force compliance or to retaliate; as a substitute for appropriate educational or behavioral support; to prevent property damage except as provided in law; as a routine school safety measure; or as a convenience to staff.
  • The Superintendent or the Superintendent’s designee will investigate any complaint or allegation that one or more employees violated any provisions of 281 Iowa Administrative Code Ch. 103. If the District determines a violation has occurred, corrective action will be taken up to and including termination of the employees involved. If the allegation or complaint involves a specific student the District will notify the parents or guardian of the involved student about the results of the investigation. If any allegation or complaint is also defined as abuse in 281 Iowa Administrative Code 102.2, the procedures listed in chapter 102 will apply.
  • The District must comply with and implement Chapter 103 whether or not a parent consents to the use of physical restraint or seclusion.

Legal Reference:    
Iowa Code §§ 279.8; 280.21.
281 I.A.C. 103.

Cross Reference:
402.3 Abuse of Students by School District Employees
503.5 Corporal Punishment

Approved 11-15-21
Reviewed  4-15-24
Revised 4-15-24

dawn.gibson.cm… Fri, 06/24/2022 - 09:37

503.7 - Student Disclosure of Identity

503.7 - Student Disclosure of Identity

It is the goal of the district to provide a safe and supportive educational environment in which all students may learn.  As part of creating that safe educational environment, no employee of the district will provide false or misleading information to the parent/guardian of a student regarding that student’s gender identity or intention to transition to a gender that is different from their birth certificate or certificate issued upon adoption.   

If a student makes a request to a licensed employee to accommodate a gender identity, name, or pronoun that is different than what was assigned to the student in the student’s registration forms or records, the licensed employee is required by Iowa law to report the request to an administrator. The school administrator receiving the report is required by Iowa law to report the request to the student’s parent/guardian.  This requirement also applies to all nicknames.

To maintain compliance with Iowa law and also provide efficiency in the reporting requirements listed above, the Superintendent will provide the opportunity for parents and guardians to list in the student’s registration paperwork any and all nicknames used for students.

Legal Reference:

Cross Reference:

Approved:8-21-23
Reviewed:  
Revised: 

kheidemann@cen… Tue, 08/22/2023 - 11:46

507.3E1 - Report of Student Disclosure of Identity

507.3E1 - Report of Student Disclosure of Identity

 

Dear (Parent/Guardian) _________________,

 

This letter is to inform you that your student (student’s name listed on registration) ________________ has made a request of a licensed employee to (check all that apply):

 

______ make an accommodation that is intended to affirm the student’s gender identity as follows: 

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

 

______ use a name, pronoun or gender identity that is different from the name, pronoun and/or gender identity listed on the student’s school registration forms. The name, pronoun, or gender identity requested is _________________________________________________________________________. 

 

If you would like to amend the student’s registration paperwork to permit the student’s requested accommodation and/or include the use of the above-referenced name/pronoun/gender identity, please complete the attached form and return it to the district administration office.

 

Sincerely,

 

 

____________________________________________                                __________________

Administrator                                                                                             Date

kheidemann@cen… Tue, 08/22/2023 - 11:48

507.7E2 - Request to Update Student Identity

507.7E2 - Request to Update Student Identity

REQUEST TO UPDATE STUDENT IDENTITY

 

 

__________________________________________________                      __________________

(Student’s current name on registration)                                                       (Student ID)

 

 

Please update my student’s names, pronouns, and/or gender identities on my student’s registration paperwork to include all of the following:

 

 

__________________________________________________________________________________

(Names)

 

__________________________________________________________________________________

(Pronouns)

 

__________________________________________________________________________________

(Gender identities)

 

 

 

 

 

 

__________________________________                                                    __________________

Parent/Guardian                                                                                          Date

kheidemann@cen… Tue, 08/22/2023 - 13:37

503.8 - Discipline of Students Who Make Threats of Violence or Cause Incidents of Violence

503.8 - Discipline of Students Who Make Threats of Violence or Cause Incidents of Violence

Discipline Policy

Discipline is designed to promote behavior that will enable students to learn and successfully participate in their educational and social environments. The district discipline policy for students who make a threat of violence or commit an act of violence is developed to help students understand their obligations to others in the school setting, secure the safety of all students, staff and the community, and to correct student behavior if a violation occurs (2023 Iowa Acts, chapter 96 (House File 604), sec. 7, new section 279.79, subsection 1).

Students will conduct themselves in a manner fitting their age, grade level, and maturity, and with respect and consideration for the rights of others while on school district property or on property within the jurisdiction of the school district; while on school owned and/or operated school or chartered vehicles; while attending or engaged in school activities; and while away from school grounds if misconduct will directly affect the good order, efficient management and welfare of the school district. Consequences for the misconduct will be fair and tailored to the age, grade level and maturity of the student.

Discipline and other responses to threats or incidents of violence by a student with a disability, including removal from a class, placement in a therapeutic classroom, suspensions, and expulsions, will comply with the provisions of applicable federal and state laws including, but not limited to, the IDEA, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act (2023 Iowa Acts, chapter 96 (House File 604), sec. 7, new section 279.79, subsection 3).

District Response to a Threat or Incident of Violence by a Student

Reporting a Threat of Violence or Incidence of Violence

In the case of any threat of violence or incident of violence that results in injury, property damage or assault by a student, the teacher will report to the school principal or lead administrator within 24 hours of the incident. The principal or lead administrator will notify the parent or guardian of the student(s) who threatened or perpetrated an act of violence and the student(s) who the threatened or perpetrated act of violence was made against within 24 hours after receipt of the teacher’s report and complete an investigation of the incident as soon as possible. The classroom teacher may also notify the parent or guardian of the student who made the threat or caused the incident, and the parent or guardian of the student against whom the threat or incident was directed (2023 Iowa Acts, chapter 96 (House File 604), sec. 4).

An investigation will be initiated by the principal or lead administrator upon learning of an incident of violence or threat of violence through any credible means. If the principal or lead administrator finds that an incident of violence or threat of violence did occur, the administrator will determine the level of threat or incident by considering all aspects of the situation, including the student's intent and knowledge of the impact of their actions, their developmental level and context of the incident. The resolution will focus on identifying the cause behind the behavior and appropriate corrective action (2023 Iowa Acts, chapter 96 (House File 604), sec. 7, new section 279.79, subsections 1 and 4).

A student who makes a threat of violence, causes an incident of violence that results in injury or property damage, or who commits an assault, will be subject to escalating levels of discipline for each occurrence. When appropriate, referrals will be made to local law enforcement. The district retains the authority to assign the level of disciplinary measures appropriate to the severity of the threat of violence or incident of violence (2023 Iowa Acts, chapter 96 (House File 604), sec. 7, new section 279.79, subsection 5).

Threat of Violence

Threat of violence means a written, verbal, electronic or behavioral message that either explicitly or implicitly expresses an intention to inflict emotional or physical injury, property damage, or assault.

  Incident of Violence

Incident of violence means the intentional use of physical force or power against oneself, another person, a group or community or property resulting in injury, property damage or assault.

Injury

Injury means “physical pain, illness or any impairment of physical condition.” State v. McKee, 312 N.W.2d 907, 913 (Iowa 1981).

Property Damage

Property damage means any destruction, damage, impairment or alteration of property to which the individual does not have a right to take such an action. Property means real property, which includes any real estate, building, or fixture attached to a building or structure, and personal property, which includes intangible property (Iowa Code section 4.1(21)).

Assault

Assault means when, without justification, a student does any of the following:

  • an act which is intended to cause pain or injury to, or which is intended to result in physical contact which will be insulting or offensive to another, coupled with the apparent ability to execute the act; or
  • any act which is intended to place another in fear of immediate physical contact which will be painful, injurious, insulting or offensive, coupled with the apparent ability to execute the act; or
  • intentionally points any firearm toward another or displays in a threatening manner any dangerous weapon toward another.

The act is not an assault when the person doing any of the above and the other person are voluntary participants in a sport, social or other activity, not in itself criminal, when the act is a reasonably foreseeable incident of such sport or activity, and does not create an unreasonable risk of serious injury or breach of the peace (Following Iowa Code section 708.1).

Escalating Responses of Disciplinary Action by Grade Band
The district reserves the right to determine the level of disciplinary action corresponding to the severity of threat of incident of violence.

Incident Levels

Incident levels must escalate, with Level 1 being less severe than Level 3 incidents. However, the District maintains discretion in applying the level of discipline appropriate for an incident. Because no definition could encompass all possible threats or incidents, the administration has discretion in determining which level to assign the incident after looking at the nature of the incident as well as the age, grade level, and maturity of the student.

Considerations for Determining the Maturity of the Student

The District believes that gauging the maturity of a student is subject to interpretation and best left to the licensed employees who interact most closely with the student on a regular basis.  Assessing a student’s maturity level is based on individual characteristics unique to each student. Therefore, in making a determination about the maturity of a student, the administration may consult with the student’s classroom teacher and other relevant licensed staff. 

Credibility of Threats

Not all statements of threat by children are credible. The district will consider whether the student had the plan, capacity and wherewithal to carry out the threat.

Considerations for Determining Whether the Off-Campus Threat of Violence or Incident of Violence Will Directly Affect the Good Order, Efficient Management and Welfare of the School District

The District recognizes that students maintain First Amendment rights to free expression both within school and outside. However, free speech protections are not absolute and do not extend to true threats of violence toward an individual or a group of individuals. In considering whether a threat or incident of violence will directly affect the good order, efficient management and welfare of the school district necessitating the need for investigation, the administration will consider, among other things, the following factors:

•           The specificity of the threat for time, location or individual(s) targeted;

•           The reasonable likelihood of the student’s ability to carry out the threat;

•           The reasonable likelihood that the threat will interfere with the operation of the educational environment.

In addition to the notification requirements in policy, the administration will apprise the parents or guardians of any student who suffered violence or a threat of violence, of the rights to file complaints under any other relevant board policies including but not limited to anti-bullying/anti-harassment and Title IX

The response requires an individualized education program, IEP meeting, if the student has an IEP; however; administrator discretion is available to not hold an IEP meeting if the student’s IEP allows for the range of staff response necessary to deal with the issue and the severity of the incident are factors.  

 

Grades PK-3

Level of Disciplinary Action

Escalating Response

Level 1

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•      Responses may include any of the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that includes the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate and with written parent consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention; and/or

o    Temporary removal from class.

•            Unless the first offense is unusually serious, the administrator will avoid permanent removal from a class.

Level 2

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Review of response to prior offense, if applicable, to inform increased level of response.

•            Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•            Responses to the incident may include the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that includes the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate, with written parent/guardian consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention;

o    Temporary removal from extracurricular activities;

o    Temporary removal from class;

o    In-school suspension;

o    Suspension of transportation privileges, if misconduct occurred in a school vehicle; and/or

o  Placement in an alternative learning environment, including a therapeutic classroom, when appropriate.

Level 3

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Review of response to prior offense, if applicable, to inform increased level of response.

•   Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•            Responses to an incident may include the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that includes the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate, with written parent/guardian consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s).

o    Detention;

o    Temporary or permanent removal from extracurricular activities;

o    Temporary or permanent removal from class;

o    In-school suspension;

o    Out-of-school suspension;

o    Suspension of transportation privileges, if misconduct occurred in a school vehicle;

o  Placement in an alternative learning environment, including a therapeutic classroom, when appropriate; and/or

o    Recommendation for expulsion.

 

Grades 4-5

Level of Disciplinary Action

Escalating Response

Level 1

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•      Responses to an incident may include the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that may include the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate and with written parent consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention; and/or

o    Temporary removal from class.

•            Unless the first offense is unusually serious, the administrator will avoid permanent removal from a class.

Level 2

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Review of response to prior offense, if applicable, to inform increased level of response.

•            Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•      Response to an incident may include, but are not limited to, the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that includes the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate, with written parent/guardian consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention;

o    Temporary removal from extracurricular activities;

o    Temporary removal from class;

o    In-school suspension;

o    Out of-school suspension;

 

o    Suspension of transportation privileges, if misconduct occurred in a school vehicle; and/or

o  Placement in an alternative learning environment, including a therapeutic classroom, when appropriate.

Level 3

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Review of response to prior offense, if applicable, to inform increased level of response.

•            Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•            Response to an incident may include the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that includes the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate and with written parent/guardian consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention;

o    Temporary or permanent removal from extracurricular activities;

o    Temporary or permanent removal from class;

o    In-school suspension;

o    Out-of-school suspension;

o    Suspension of transportation privileges, if misconduct occurred in a school vehicle; and/or

o  Placement in an alternative learning environment, including a therapeutic classroom, when appropriate; and/or

o    Recommendation for expulsion.

 

Grades 6-8

Level of Disciplinary Action

Escalating Response

Level 1

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•      Responses to an incident may include the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that may include the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate and with written parent consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention; and/or

o    Temporary removal from class.

Level 2

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Review of response to prior offense, if applicable, to inform increased level of response.

•      Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•      Responses to an incident may include, but are not limited to, the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that includes the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate and with written parent/guardian consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention;

o    Temporary removal from extracurricular activities;

o    Temporary removal from class;

o    In-school suspension;

o    Out-of-school suspension;

o    Suspension of transportation privileges, if misconduct occurred in a school vehicle; and/or

o  Placement in an alternative learning environment, including a therapeutic classroom, when appropriate.

Level 3

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Review of response to prior offense, if applicable, to inform increased level of response.

•            Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•            Response to an incident may include the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that may include the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate and with written parent consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention;

o    Temporary or permanent removal from extracurricular activities;

o    Temporary or permanent removal from class;

o    In-school suspension;

o    Out-of-school suspension;

o    Suspension of transportation privileges if misconduct occurred in a school vehicle;

o  Placement in an alternative learning environment, including a therapeutic classroom, when appropriate; and/or

o    Recommendation for expulsion.

 

Grades 9-12

Level of Disciplinary Action

Escalating Response

Level 1

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•      Responses to an incident may include, but are not limited to, the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that includes the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate and with written parent/guardian consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention;

o    Temporary removal from extracurricular activities;

o    Temporary removal from class;

o    In-school suspension; and/or

o    Suspension of transportation, if misconduct occurred in a school vehicle.

Level 2

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Review of response to prior offense, if applicable, to inform increased level of response.

•            Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•            Response to an incident may include the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that includes the student, when appropriate;

o  When appropriate and with written parent/guardian consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention;

o    Temporary removal from extracurricular activities;

o    Temporary removal from class;

o    In-school suspension;

o    Out-of-school suspension;

o    Suspension of transportation privileges, if misconduct occurred in a school vehicle; and/or

o  Placement in an alternative learning environment, including a therapeutic classroom, when appropriate.

Level 3

•      Requires parent or guardian notification.

•      Review of response to prior offense, if applicable, to inform increased level of response.

•            Requires individualized educational program (IEP) meeting, if the student has an IEP.

•            Response to an incident may include the following:

o    Parent or guardian conference that includes the student, when appropriate;

o    When appropriate and with written parent/guardian consent, counseling, and/or mental health counseling subject to available resources of the district;

o    Behavior intervention student agreement coupled with another response(s);

o    Restitution or opportunities to repair relationships coupled with another response(s);

o    Detention;

o    Temporary or permanent removal from extracurricular activities;

o    Temporary or permanent removal from class;

o    In-school suspension;

o    Out-of-school suspension;

o    Suspension of transportation privileges, if misconduct occurred in a school vehicle;

o  Placement in an alternative learning environment, including a therapeutic classroom, when appropriate; and/or

o    Recommendation for expulsion.

 

Definitions (consistent with the Department’s Data Dictionary 2022-23)

Detention means the student's presence is required during non-school hours for disciplinary purposes. The student can be required to appear prior to the beginning of the school day, after school has been dismissed for the day or on a non-school day. Whether a student will serve detention, and the length of the detention, is within the discretion of the licensed employee or the building principal disciplining the student.

Expulsion means an action by the board to remove a student from the school environment, which includes, but is not limited to, classes and activities, for a period of time set by the board.

In-school suspension means the student will attend school but will be temporarily isolated from one or more classes while under supervision. An in-school suspension will not exceed ten consecutive school days.

Out-of-school suspension means the student is removed from the school environment, which includes school classes and activities. An out-of-school suspension will not exceed ten consecutive school days unless due process is provided as required by federal and state law.

A restriction from school activities means a student will not attend school and classes and practice and  will not participate in school activities.

Placement in an alternate learning environment means placement of a student in an environment established apart from the regular educational program that includes rules, staff and resources designed to accommodate student needs and to provide a comprehensive education consistent with the student learning goals and content standards established by the school district.

Removal from the classroom means a student is sent to the building principal's office. It is within the discretion of the person in charge of the classroom to remove the student.

 

Legal Reference: Iowa Code §279.79

Cross Reference:
502 Series- Student Rights and Responsibilities
503 Series - Student Discipline

Approved 12-18-23
Reviewed  

Revised

 

kheidemann@cen… Tue, 12/19/2023 - 09:22